Studies
Xylitol studies.
"Sugar alcohols, caries incidence, and remineralization of caries lesions: A Literature Review:"
In a 2010 paper in the International Journal of Dentistry, several study evidences on the mode of action of xylitol in relation to dental health are vividly presented. Regular consumption of xylitol is significantly associated with tooth remineralization and reduction of caries.
Source:
Mäkinen, Kauko K. (2010): Sugar Alcohols, Caries Incidence, and Remineralization of Caries Lesions: A Literature Review. Finland: University of Turku. In: International Journals of Dentistry. 2010 edition. Hidawi Publishing Corporation Online.
http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijd/2010/981072/
"Effect of xylitol pastilles on dental plaque and Streptococcus mutans."
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of xylitol pastilles on dental plaque formation. 59 young, randomly selected adults were divided into test and control groups for the study. Participants in the test group consumed 8 xylitol pastilles daily after meals for 4 weeks. The intake of xylitol was 5 g per day. The control group did not consume any pastilles. The four-week intake of xylitol-containing pastilles clearly reduced the extent of dental plaque and induced a reduction in caries bacteria in the comparison.
Source:
Gintner/Szöke/Patthy et al.(2004): Effect of xylitol pastilles on dental plaque and Streptococcus mutans. In: Oral Prophylaxis & Pediatric Dentistry. Vol. 26, (2004), pp. 93-95.
http://www.zahnheilkunde.de/beitragpdf/pdf_2228.pdf
"Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to the sugar substitutes xylitol [...]"
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy"
The European Food Safety Authority has already dealt with a scientific opinion on sugar substitutes in 2011. It is confirmed that the consumption of xylitol creates an alkaline environment in the mouth, which means that hardly any caries-causing acid can be produced. The caries bacteria cannot settle on the teeth and cannot multiply. When consuming foods and beverages sweetened with xylitol, a high PH value is maintained even half an hour after consumption and does not lead to dental erosion, as it does with sugar. Remineralization is also confirmed. In addition, it is also stated here that the consumption of xylitol hardly affects the blood sugar level, compared to sugary foods or beverages.
Source:
Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to the sugar replacers xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol, lactitol, isomalt, erythritol, D-tagatose, isomaltulose, sucralose and polydextrose and maintenance of tooth mineralisation by decreasing tooth demineralisation and reduction of post-prandial glycaemic responses pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. In: EFSA Journal 2011;9(4):2076 [25 pp].
http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/2076
"The Mother and Child Study.
In this series of studies, mothers of newborns were given xylitol chewing gum from 4 to 24 months after delivery (the period in which they received xylitol lasted a total of approximately 21 months). [...] The results prove that the xylitol gum given to the mothers had significantly slowed the development of dental caries in their children. Xylitol had apparently prevented or halted the intrafamilial transmission of Streptococcus mutans from mother to child. This observation supports the concept of dental caries as a contagious, transmissible disease. Microbiological analyses made at the same time showed that the number of Streptococcus mutans in the samples taken from the mouths of the children at the age of two was also reduced. (Mäkinen 2003:47)
Source: K. Kauko ( 2003): The use of xylitol in caries prophylaxis. ed. by IHCF. Foundation for the Promotion of Health. Heidelberg : pdv Praxis-Dienste und Verl.
"Osteoporosis"
Xylitol has been found to form complexes with calcium in the intestine, facilitating the absorption of calcium into the body, which could indicate that the sweet substance may also be helpful in preventing bone fragility (osteoporosis). In trials, an increase in bone density has been shown after xylitol administration.
Source:
Mattila, P. T. / Svanberg, M. J.et al.(2002): Improved bone biomechanical properties in xylitol-fed aged rats. In: Metabolism: clinical and experimental. Vol. 51. No. 1/January. S. 92-96
Fluoride studies:
Association between maternal fluoride exposure during pregnancy and IQ scores in offspring in Canada:
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2748634
Public Health Agency of Canada.
Influence of fluoride on neurological development in children:
https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/features/fluoride-childrens-health-grandjean-choi/
Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH)
Study on surfactants:
In vitro study study, influence of surfactants on cell viability:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-2494.2009.00546.x
Authors: Assoz. Prof. Barbara Cvikl - Prof. Dr. Adrian Lussi
Fluoride sources:
https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/bitstream/handle/123456789/28022/Ludigs_280226.pdf?sequence=1
https://www.rme.ch/media/data/th/9/9z/9zgdb8cftxaeswz5_1557164026_250502.pdf
Sources of silicon dioxide:
https://infothek-gesundheit.de/siliziumdioxid-e551-in-lebensmitteln-birgt-risiko/
Sources titanium dioxide:
https://www.codecheck.info/news/Krebsrisiko-durch-Titandioxid-in-Zahnpasta-178225
Sources surfactants:
Sources Triclosan:
https://www.bfr.bund.de/de/a-z_index/triclosan-8028.html
https://www.zentrum-der-gesundheit.de/artikel/zaehne/zahnpasta-inhaltsstoffe-ia
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